Soil and its constituents, weathering of rocks and types of soils. Description and Identification of soil (Visual-Manual Procedure), Mineralogy of soil solids.
Water content, void ratio, porosity, degree of saturation, specific gravity, unit Weight and their determination, Atterberg limits, sieve analysis, hydrometer and Pipette analysis, Stoke’s law, grain size distribution.
Grain size classification, Bureau of soils,. M.I.T., Unified, AASHTO and ASTM Classification systems. Textural Classification by triangular chart, united soil classification system, AASHTO soil classifications.
Definition, Hydraulic gradient, Darcy's Law, Factors affecting permeability, Permeability of stratified soils, Laboratory and field determination of coefficient of permeability.
Seepage force, quick sand condition, flow nets, boundary conditions, graphical method of flow net construction, determination of quantity of seepage, two dimensional flow, Laplace Equation, seepage through earth dams, design of filters
Standard Proctor test and modified AASHO test for compaction, Factors affecting compaction, Compaction equipment, properties and structure of compacted soils, Specifications, field control and measurement of in-situ density, CBR test.
Definition, stresses caused by self weight of soil, Geostatic stresses, stresses caused by point loads and uniformly distributed loads: Boussinesq and Westerqaard theories, Pressure bulb, stress distribution diagram on horizontal and vertical planes; stress at a point outside loaded area, Newmark’s charts and 2:1 Method
